https://towardsatmospheric.care towards atmospheric care Thu, 30 Jun 2022 08:05:47 +0000 https://towardsatmospheric.care en https://towardsatmospheric.care/From-Aurora-to-Geospace-Historical-and-scientific-imagery Thu, 30 Jun 2022 08:05:47 +0000 towards atmospheric care https://towardsatmospheric.care/From-Aurora-to-Geospace-Historical-and-scientific-imagery From Aurora to Geospace: Historical and scientific imagery1. An Account of the Late Surprizing Appearance of the Lights Seen in the Air, on the Sixth of March Last; With an Attempt to Explain the Principal Phaenomena thereof; As It Was Laid before the Royal Society by Edmund Halley from 1716 (Source: Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vol. 29 (1714 - 1716), pp. 406-428) 2. Early study of Aurora borealis. Jean-Jacques de Mairan, 1733, Traité physique et historique de l'aurore boréale (engraved plate) 3. Auroral observers by Sophus Tromholt, 1885, Under the Rays of the Aurora Borealis: In the Land of the Lapps and Kvæns, Volume 1 4. Mosaic composition of five photographs taken in rapid succession with one second exposure of the same auroral arc. Carl Störmer, 1930, Photographic Atlas of Auroral Forms and Scheme for Visual Observations of Aurorae 5. Early Ionogram, 1944 by Canadian Radio Wave Propagation Committee, “Instructions for Observers: Canadian Ionospheric Stations” (Source: Edward Jones-Imhotep,&nbsp; 2017, The Unreliable Nation) 6. Blue Marble, the first photographic image of Earth seen from space, 1972, NASA 7. Satellite image composite, Composite of seven satellite pictures showing aurora across North America. The city lights clearly outline the continental United States. NASA, collage by E. H. Rogers. (Source: R.H. Eather, 1980, The Majestic Lights: The Aurora in Science, History, and the Arts) 8. A comparison of sunspots between April 1994 and February 1989 (Source: unknown) 9. Ionogram depicting shortwave propagation in ionosphere, 2012 (Source: University of Twente, Netherlands)10. Radio telescope array image of radio galaxies, 2019. (Source: SARAO; NRAO/AUI/NSF) https://towardsatmospheric.care/S-Sound Thu, 20 May 2021 14:14:33 +0000 towards atmospheric care https://towardsatmospheric.care/S-Sound Sensing Sound “Things are not the same as they used to be, because in the early days northern lights howled a great deal more than they do now.” inuits, western Alaska “Northern lights appear to have become less noisy since their occurrences have been more accurately recorded.” Humboldt, Cosmos (1847) <img width="430" height="242" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/DKrSgHYQ97_VVgKPgMHeQF6eKRkPD9L5GIeU-1-949ALiATNp8IJGL2g8acRdZvYW-7bk5yRNe8WnbYX7pl49UuuEI-MotQHm933E2pTMJlW5fUg-arKmU8dARGzjbpJEoADLOjb"> Viewed from outer space, the Earth is a powerful planetary radio source. The dominant source of emission is a naturally occurring electromagnetic wave generated in the auroral zones. Auroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR) is closely tied to auroras, or more specifically to the beams of charged electrons that in interaction with atoms of oxygen and nitrogen result in auroral displays. Radio is both a human technology and a cosmic technology. AKR is the most powerful emission of terrestrial origin and is beamed into space, potentially making it detectable from other planets and galaxies, just as other extrasolar planets can potentially be detected through their radio emissions. The human ear senses physical waves and cannot directly hear electromagnetic waves. However, radio emissions from Earth (along with other planets) at the lowest end of the radio spectrum including electromagnetic phenomena such as lightning and auroras can be translated into sound. For example by using a VLF (Very Low Frequency) receiver that captures radio waves vibrating at frequeincies overlapping the range of human hearing (20 Hz - 20kHz) and feeding them into a speaker. While the frequency range of AKR (50-500kHz) is outside of the audible range of humans imposing an artificial frequency shift enables humans to hear it. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ︎R - T︎ ... R︎ ︎ https://towardsatmospheric.care/G-Galaxy Thu, 20 May 2021 13:56:17 +0000 towards atmospheric care https://towardsatmospheric.care/G-Galaxy Galaxy <img width="700" height="400" width_o="700" height_o="400" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/0f26d4e0ee9c52bc3c83bd0f37f3c0fb870b7d659cfa3d162fdbea6fa07a8ba8/408_allsky_big.gif" data-mid="109033951" border="0" alt="The Radio Sky: Tuned to 408MHz Credit: C. Haslam et al" data-caption="The Radio Sky: Tuned to 408MHz Credit: C. Haslam et al" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/700/i/0f26d4e0ee9c52bc3c83bd0f37f3c0fb870b7d659cfa3d162fdbea6fa07a8ba8/408_allsky_big.gif" /> What we do is we observe radio waves coming from the universe. The galaxy is giving off huge amounts of radio waves. That’s how it was discovered, because it was messing up people’s radio communication. It turned out it was the galaxy, and as a result we don’t use these frequencies any more. We use either really low frequencies protected by the ionosphere or we go to higher frequencies where the galaxy is not so bright. We know what the galaxy, or the radio sky,&nbsp; should look like. We have a map. So, we look at where radio waves are missing. We measure what we actually see and the difference is the absorption. – Derek McKay, KAIRA (see Radar) Observer-in-Charge, in discussion with HH and AM, 2018, Tromsø&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; ︎F - H︎ ... R︎︎ https://towardsatmospheric.care/P-Posthuman-perception Wed, 19 May 2021 12:05:14 +0000 towards atmospheric care https://towardsatmospheric.care/P-Posthuman-perception Posthuman perception <img width="1500" height="1075" width_o="1500" height_o="1075" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/efc6390afd7ad8442f5b1bd09824ff6b3b2343146ee00b095039d1d50f8a536f/EISCAT_3D_NIPR_2.jpg" data-mid="108914144" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/efc6390afd7ad8442f5b1bd09824ff6b3b2343146ee00b095039d1d50f8a536f/EISCAT_3D_NIPR_2.jpg" /> Imagine you have a camera where the sensor gets illuminated line by line. This is what EISCAT (see Radar) is doing now. It’s a bit like looking at the sky with binoculars, always in the same direction. Suddenly your field of view becomes green and then slowly it becomes black again. What can you conclude? Either you conclude that you were lucky the northern lights must have appeared in the spot where you were looking and then faded away, or you can conclude that the northern lights must have come from somewhere else and moved into your field of view and out of it. You can’t distinguish between those two. There’s space-time ambiguity. You don’t know. From experience you know, but you don’t know. We only do measurements in one little spot. Moreover, because radars are pretty expensive to run, we don’t run them all the time. So we miss a lot of interesting events. That’s why we want to build EISCAT 3D, a phase array with 10 000 antennas at each of three different sites. With EISCAT 3D the image will be illuminated in one go by virtual beams, without moving tons of hardware. Everything will be digitised at a much higher time resolution, and we can change the experiment when we want to. We can have instruments on a satellite, and while you sit with your computer on your sofa at home you can reprogram it and change what you get. Instruments become cheaper, smaller and more available, so you can put more of them out there, so the data amount starts to grow. It becomes a Big data thing. You need a supercomputer to process it, especially if you want to do it in realtime. If you record that much data you also need to be able to correlate and analyse it. So we’re looking into artificial intelligence in image recognition. – Thomas Ulich, EISCAT facility leader in discussion with HH and AM, 2018, Sodankylä Although machinic vision occurs through data and datafication, and can essentially be understood as post-optical,&nbsp; machinic vision and Big data are – similar to the microscope or telescope – often portrayed as enabling enhanced vision through the rendering visible of existing but invisible processes and effects. As media scholar Orit Halpern has pointed out, vision encompasses its permutations: visualisation, visuality and visibilities. Machinic vision should therefore not be understood in isolation but as a technical condition still relying on historically contextualised material-semiotic discourses and practices – such as ideologies and structural inequalities embedded in optical metaphors – for making&nbsp; “the inhuman, that which is beyond or outside sensory recognition, relatable to the human being” (Note 1). In extension, as Big data offers ways of seeing with nonhuman life, it also becomes co-constitutive of vision, provoking transformations in how humans know and perceive, and thereby enables novel tactics of governance and power. In her critique against algorithmic governmentality legal scholar Antoinette Rouvroy has pointed out that processes of datafication operate through what is capturable and calculable – from behaviour rather than subjectivity, and from what is effectuated, while unrealised dreams remain ignored (Note 2). By framing governance as an ongoing and technical process of responsiveness without seeking to understand causality this computational turn bypasses human interpretation and evaluation (processes of meaning-making, transcription or representation, institutionalization, convention and symbolization) accepting the world (with its social, economic and environmental issues) as it is. On the other hand, drawing on Walter Benjamin’s notion of the optical unconscious, enabled by photography and visual technologies such as slow motion and close-ups, that brought “to light entirely new structures of matter” and in so doing changed and affected the material reality of the worlds it offered access to, as well as&nbsp; Astrida Neimanis’ “ethics of unknowability”, visual and cultural theorist Daniela Agostinho proposes a speculative reimagining of datafied vision “conceived differently, perhaps not only as an instrument of sensorial enhancement, calculation and control, but as generator of new possibilities, or at least a site where this openness to the unknown can be articulated” (Note 3). Alternatively, are there other non datafied posthuman visions of the atmosphere to be envisioned? Note 1: O. Halpern, Beautiful Data: A History of Vision and Reason since 1945, Durham &amp; London, Duke University Press, 2015.Note 2: A. Rouvroy, "The end(s) of critique: Data behaviourism versus due process,” in Privacy, Due Process and the Computational Turn. Philosophers of Law Meet Philosophers of Technology, eds. Mireille Hildebrandt and Katja de Vries (New York: Routledge, 2013), 143–168.Note 3: D. Agostinho, “The Optical Unconscious of Big Data : Datafication of vision and care for unknown futures.” In Big Data &amp; Society. 2019; Vol 6, Nr. 1: 1-10. <img width="5760" height="3710" width_o="5760" height_o="3710" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/aff1bb5ce64b6838fef51aed458947dbe8a0f30e41719d201a1705b2ae3ad0f6/keo2006Q4_12.gif" data-mid="108926494" border="0" alt="A keogram (derived from &lsquo;Keoeeit&rsquo; the Inuit-word for aurora borealis) a time-versus-latitude plot creating a summary image of individual all-sky images captured during night. " data-caption="A keogram (derived from ‘Keoeeit’ the Inuit-word for aurora borealis) a time-versus-latitude plot creating a summary image of individual all-sky images captured during night. " src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/aff1bb5ce64b6838fef51aed458947dbe8a0f30e41719d201a1705b2ae3ad0f6/keo2006Q4_12.gif" />A keogram (derived from ‘Keoeeit’ the Inuit-word for aurora borealis) a time-versus-latitude plot creating a summary image of individual all-sky images captured during night. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; ︎O - Q︎ ... R︎ ︎ https://towardsatmospheric.care/test-1 Wed, 01 Jul 2020 11:37:43 +0000 towards atmospheric care https://towardsatmospheric.care/test-1 test https://towardsatmospheric.care/A-Atlas-of-Auroral-Forms Thu, 11 Jun 2020 13:24:02 +0000 towards atmospheric care https://towardsatmospheric.care/A-Atlas-of-Auroral-Forms &nbsp; Atlas of Auroral Forms <img width="720" height="576" width_o="720" height_o="576" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/19e5298698cadaf4c33f727c465458608ecbcdf864df4e23df9a6f8285a9e57e/A-for-Atlas_repeat.gif" data-mid="76063151" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/720/i/19e5298698cadaf4c33f727c465458608ecbcdf864df4e23df9a6f8285a9e57e/A-for-Atlas_repeat.gif" /> Following the exceptional displays of aurora that succeeded the long period of low solar activity — referred to as the Maunder Minimum (ca 1620-1716) — scientists tried to categorize auroras according to their structures in an attempt to constitute auroral phenomena as an object of rational inquiry. Agreeing on the fleeting and ever changing appearance of aurora was, however, difficult. The first Auroral Atlas was completed&nbsp; over two centuries later in 1930 by Norwegian mathematician and astrophysicist Carl Størmer after he — together with Ole Andres Krogness, Norwegian physicist and one of Kristian Birkeland’s assistants (see Hi(s)story)&nbsp; — developed a faster and more sensitive camera that made it possible to image aurorae (see Posthuman perspective). Størmer took hundreds of photographs of auroras, which allowed him to sort the phenomena into 15 distinct categories. His work was presented in a 15-page atlas with auroral pictures individually produced in a photography laboratory, then glued into the book and covered with translucent silk paper for protection. The atlas draws upon both scientific and artistic sensibility and comprises astronomical, mathematical and photographic expertise.&nbsp; ... Homogeneous Arcs (HA) and Bands (HB)Auroral Arcs (RA) and Bands (RB) with Ray StructuresFeeble Glows (G):Auroral Rays (R), Draperies (D) and Coronas (C)Coronal Aurorae (C)Spiral StructuresFeeble homogeneous arcs at great altitude (HA*)Pulsating Arcs (PA) and Pulsating Surfaces (PS)Cloud-like aurorae, Irregular, Diffuse Patches and Surfaces (DS)Flaming Aurorae (F)Red patchesLow-latitude Red Arcs (Størmer, C., Photographic Atlas of Auroral Forms and Scheme for Visual Observations of Aurorae, 1st ed., A. W. Bröggers Boktrykkeri, Oslo, 1930/1950) ︎P ...︎Z - B︎ ... H︎ ︎ https://towardsatmospheric.care/C-Colours-Communication-Commons Tue, 30 Jun 2020 13:32:44 +0000 towards atmospheric care https://towardsatmospheric.care/C-Colours-Communication-Commons Colours, Communication, Commons <img width="481" height="178" width_o="481" height_o="178" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/c747669d52d34309d5e4ed83e9bdc6b0e11e08229989e855f4ccf64fc4b4a7c6/spektrum.gif" data-mid="76074535" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/481/i/c747669d52d34309d5e4ed83e9bdc6b0e11e08229989e855f4ccf64fc4b4a7c6/spektrum.gif" /> // Colours Auroral colours are from forbidden transitions, transitions or mechanisms in spectroscopy that have minimal or close to no probability of occurring on Earth. Spectroscopy analyses light and measures emitted or absorbed wavelengths to determine the substances emitting or absorbing light. Spectral measurements of aurora were first taken in 1866-67 (by Swedish physicist Ångström), and showed that aurora produced a line spectrum – specific bands of colour – and not a continuous blend of hues. This established that, rather than reflecting light from the sun aurora shone with its own light.&nbsp; Forbidden transitions have only been observed in extremely low-density gases and plasmas in outer space or the upper atmosphere. Therefore the colours did not match any known element, and the identified lines were attributed names like Aurorium and Geocoronium (see Naming). The atoms and molecules emitting the auroral light were later (1925) recognised as oxygen and nitrogen. Green is the most common colour. Red, purple, pink and blue are generally to be seen during bigger solar storms. Other gases in the atmosphere (such as hydrogen and helium) also become excited and emit light. While these wavelengths are outside of the range of human vision, photographic film and digital cameras often record this broader range of blue and purple hues (P for Posthuman perception). Another reason why we see more green aurora than red and blue is that the human eye is more sensitive to green, particularly at night when eyes are sensitive to low-intensity light only in black and white. This is also why witnesses often report white auroras. <img width="2000" height="1306" width_o="2000" height_o="1306" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/0733545eb9a9a504f29d650929bfdd6a6916899e0843619d17484a06ec524f9b/plate12.jpg" data-mid="76074537" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/0733545eb9a9a504f29d650929bfdd6a6916899e0843619d17484a06ec524f9b/plate12.jpg" /> J. Rand Capron, Auroræ: Their Characters and Spectra, 1879. // Communication, Commons <img width="6048" height="3870" width_o="6048" height_o="3870" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d822e66096b1f7da429c4f598e0ad83f45d281661cfb259660e938d97324da6c/United_States_Frequency_Allocations_Chart_2016_-_The_Radio_Spectrum_small.jpg" data-mid="101656065" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/d822e66096b1f7da429c4f598e0ad83f45d281661cfb259660e938d97324da6c/United_States_Frequency_Allocations_Chart_2016_-_The_Radio_Spectrum_small.jpg" /> U.S. Frequency Allocation Chart, National Telecommunications and Information Administration October 2003. The auroral colours are visible manifestations of a much broader electromagnetic spectrum, including radio waves, microwaves, gamma rays and x-rays. The ionosphere – an electrically active region of the upper atmosphere that acts as a natural buffer zone bouncing back electronic signals from the earth – played a crucial role in revealing the existence of this spectrum, notably what we call the airwaves or the radio frequencies, and also came to play a critical role in establishing modern long-distance communication. Even so, unlike the science of colours driven by romantic curiosity and enlightenment, much of what we know about the electromagnetic spectrum as well as its spaces of propagation, is achieved through the intrinsic entanglements of science, militarisation and commercialisation. Starting with transatlantic wireless radio, the electromagnetic spectrum has become the medium of the information age and the conduit of global communication and economy. This has positioned Earth’s electromagnetosphere – a life-support system central for the maintenance of life as we know it (see Ecology) – as an invisible resource to be managed and regulated, colonised and exploited, initially for military purposes, state-control and policing, and increasingly for commercial profit. As a result, most of the airwaves useful for telecommunications are exclusively licensed, legally supervised and their use is highly sanctioned; although being a cosmic common, its ‘improper’ use can be treated as theft or an act of terrorism. Looking at the historical processes of the neoliberal enclosure of the electromagnetic domain, historian Edward D. Melillo highlights its double invisibility — the aggressive regimes of its privatisation and exploitation are as invisible as the electromagnetosphere itself. Treating the process of ‘making visible’ as a dual task — of rendering electromagnetic phenomena and the processes of their exploitation visible and knowable — is critical because it provides the opportunity to recast the electromagnetic commons as a possible space for fostering ‘freedoms other than exploitative agency’ (Note 1). <img width="1791" height="930" width_o="1791" height_o="930" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/6adfb0d342d2fe5d30a403081fc445d2cbe76e71cfc4f20cbc6f4cb1df85b94b/JulianPriest_waves_2.jpg" data-mid="101657974" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/6adfb0d342d2fe5d30a403081fc445d2cbe76e71cfc4f20cbc6f4cb1df85b94b/JulianPriest_waves_2.jpg" /> Julian Priest, The Political Spectrum, Dry Erase Marker on Whiteboard 5m x 5ft, 2006. &nbsp;http://informal.org.uk/project/thepoliticalspectrum/ Different from other ‘resources’ the principal use of spectrum is the act of sharing (or retaining) information between transmitter and receiver. Looking beyond the exploitative operations of neoliberalism and the militarisation of electromagnetic fields that have sought to violently transform the spectrum into “a hierarchical, homogenised space of control – for the realisation of the neoliberal mantra, “stabilize, privatize, and liberalize” we may instead revisit Vandana Shiva's reading of the early modern concept of ‘resource’ as a notion comprising respect, responsibility, reciprocity and care (Note 2).&nbsp;Communication systems are indeed fundamental and inherently valuable resources for society and for cultural institution of democracy. Discussing his collaborative artwork The Political Spectrum artist Julian Priest envisions the airwaves as “the possible space of any given electromagnetic interaction … an infinitely re-writable space, Tabula Rasa, to be inscribed temporarily with our communications, structured with our social structures, to be re-used, shared” (Note 3). Resonating with this, Sophie Dyer’s and Richard Thanki’s ‘Installation guide for autonomous communication’ pragmatically highlights the existence of the 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands, which remain exempt to legislative licensing and therefor can be accessed and used indiscriminately (Note 4). Currently vast new portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, including millimeter waves (30-300GHz) and terahertz waves (300GHz - 3THz) are being auctioned off for whatever next-generation consumer devices. How can we responsibly consider and care for these electromagnetic commons set to move us towards the cognitive network of the internet of senses, promoting distributed AI and connectivity of everything? <img width="2741" height="1358" width_o="2741" height_o="1358" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d9a8e8e205e72c6d67c93562b4e012563898cf1e9110dc3fcd6ff5b0a0eab261/atm_opacity.jpg" data-mid="101656063" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/d9a8e8e205e72c6d67c93562b4e012563898cf1e9110dc3fcd6ff5b0a0eab261/atm_opacity.jpg" />The diagram shows how transparent the atmosphere is at given wavelengths; the principal atmospheric windows are the optical window, the radio window and several narrow infrared windows. ESA/Hubble (F. Granato) 2010. Note 1: E.D., Mellilo, Spectral Frequencies: Neoliberal Enclosures of the Electromagnetic Commons. Radical History Review, no. 112 (Winter 2012): 147-61. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses_hons/1439/ Note 2: V. Shiva, Resources, in The Development Dictionary. A Guide to Knowledge as Power. Edited by Wolfgang Sachs, 2nd ed. 2010. Note 3: J. Priest, The Visual Spectrum, 2010, https://julianpriest.org/texts/the-visual-spectrum/ Note 4: Dyer S. and Thanki R, https://www.academia.edu/37607643/A_Z_or_introduction_to_an_electromagnetic_commons ︎P ...︎B - D︎ ... E,&nbsp;N︎ ︎ https://towardsatmospheric.care/B-Black-box Tue, 30 Jun 2020 12:52:06 +0000 towards atmospheric care https://towardsatmospheric.care/B-Black-box Black-box Most people visualise the earth as a small planet in the endless black void of empty space. In reality, we are surrounded by a dynamically changing region of charged electrical particles and magnetic and electric fields. This surrounding envelope of fields and particles is called the magnetosphere (see Magnet). (Eather, R.H, Majestic Lights: The Aurora in Science, History, and the Arts, 1980:214) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ︎A - C︎... M︎ ︎ https://towardsatmospheric.care/D-Data-and-diagrams Wed, 01 Jul 2020 09:43:51 +0000 towards atmospheric care https://towardsatmospheric.care/D-Data-and-diagrams Data and diagrams What we are doing is we’re scattering radio signals, we’re bouncig radio signals off free electrons. Electrons are very small, so the signal we get back is very weak. That’s why it wasn’t thought that sort of thing could be measured until after the second world war. For example here if you look at the signal, you will just see noise. Much of the noise comes from the milky way, the radio stars, and the receiver itself, but a very small fraction of it is scatter from the ionosphere. It just looks like noise. But if you repeat this experiment a hundred times and average over many seconds or signals you can actually subtract a signal from these electrons.&nbsp; — Michael Rietveld, senior researcher at Tromsø EISCAT in discussion with HH and AM, 2019, EISCAT facility in Ramfjordmoen (see Radar) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ︎C - E︎ ... R︎ ︎ https://towardsatmospheric.care/E-Ecology Thu, 25 Jun 2020 10:35:04 +0000 towards atmospheric care https://towardsatmospheric.care/E-Ecology Ecology In the ionosphere, you often get irregularities. They occur naturally with the aurora. We call it space weather. These irregularities affect radio, communication and navigation systems, especially at higher latitudes.&nbsp; When you have strong events, solar storms, it affects the electric currents. In extreme cases you can get blackouts and transformers can burn down. These events are rare but they can happen. It happened in Quebec some years ago. They had a major blackout.&nbsp; <img width="602" height="481" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/QneBlt5LR1uj3jGzfPE9NZB_NOct5gVCxnwelfQTR79HCqG3jI3k2DNx7YBhb44qQ1srReAZkHaY1DcS-a5KViZ26NWJTQLe2RKMDKfWnGo72_eDb2eMy-VHJ4_Mq8BDoxfZEPDw"> Victoria Barabash, senior lecturer in Space Technology, Luleå University of Technology in discussion with HH and AM, 2018, IRF, Kiruna &nbsp; ︎D - F︎ ︎